Port Ship-Related Emission Sources
The emission sources directly associated with ship operations in port
include those due to propulsion engines, auxiliary engines and auxiliary
boilers plus Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) that is associated with
bulk liquid cargos and various Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) due to
refrigeration system. From an air pollutant perspective, vessels can
produce significant amount of NOx, SOx and PM from burning fuel in the
propulsion engines, auxiliary engines and auxiliary boilers/steam
plants. Depending on the geographical configuration of the port area and
type of vessels, these three combustion systems can have varied level
of emissions. It is important to know for the vessel in question, which
of these plays a more important role in ports when it comes to emissions
and energy efficiency reduction measures. Most emissions from ships in
ports are the result of diesel engines burning heavy fuel oil. Reducing
emissions from ship-board diesel engines is therefore one of the
significant challenges and opportunities related to improving air
quality in port areas. The unique challenge associated with the port
area, with regard to reducing ship emissions, is how the emission
sources listed above associated with various modes of ship operation in
the port area (MariEMS 2017).